What Were the Elysian Fields in Greek Mythology

The ancient Greeks had their own version of the afterlife: an Underworld ruled by Hades. There, according to the works of Homer, Virgil, and Hesiod bad people are punished while the good and heroic are rewarded. Those who deserve happiness after death find themselves in Elysium or the Elysium Fields; descriptions of this idyllic place changed over time but were always pleasant and pastoral. The Elysian Fields According to Hesiod Hesiod lived at about the same time as Homer (8th or 7th century BCE). In his Works and Days, he wrote of the deserving dead that: father Zeus the son of Kronos gave a living and an abode apart from men, and made them dwell at the ends of the earth. And they live untouched by sorrow in the Islands of the Blessed along the shore of deep swirling Okeanos (Oceanus), happy heroes for whom the grain-giving earth bears honey-sweet fruit flourishing thrice a year, far from the deathless gods, and Kronos rules over them; for the father of men and gods released him from his bonds. And these last equally have honor and glory. The Elysian Fields According to Homer According to Homer in his epic poems written around the 8th century BCE, Elysian Fields or Elysium refers to a beautiful meadow in the Underworld where the favored of Zeus enjoy perfect happiness. This was the ultimate paradise a hero could achieve: basically an ancient Greek Heaven. In the  Odyssey, Homer tells us that, in Elysium, men lead an easier life than anywhere else in the world, for in  Elysium  there falls not rain, nor hail, nor snow, but  Oceanus [the giant body of water surrounding the entire world] breathes ever with a West wind that sings softly from the sea, and gives fresh life to all men. Elysium According to Virgil By the time of the Roman master poet Vergil (also known as Virgil, born in 70 BCE), the Elysian Fields became more than just a pretty meadow. They were now part of the Underworld as the home of the dead who were judged worthy of divine favor.  In the  Aeneid, those blessed dead compose poetry, sing, dance, and tend to their chariots. As the Sibyl, a prophetess,  remarks to the Trojan hero Aeneas in the epic Aeneid  when giving him a verbal map of the Underworld, There to the right, as it runs under the walls of great Dis [a god of the Underworld], is our way to Elysium.  Aeneas talks to his father,  Anchises, in the Elysian Fields in Book VI of the Aeneid. Anchises, who is enjoying the good retired life of Elysium, says, Then we are sent to spacious Elysium, a few of us to possess the blissful fields. Vergil wasnt alone in his assessment of Elysium. In his Thebaid, the Roman poet Statius claims that its the pious who earn the favor of the gods and get to Elysium, while Seneca states that its only in death that the tragic Trojan King Priam achieved peace, for now in the peaceful shades of Elysium’s grove he wanders, and happy midst pious souls he seeks for his [murdered son] Hector.

Essay on Adaptive leadership - 543 Words

Adaptive leadership is becoming widespread in the United States Army amongst junior officers in leadership positions that require quick thinking and innovation. Leonard Wong discusses how the versatile and unpredictable enemy and situations in Iraq produces adaptable junior officers. These officers are learning to make decisions under chaotic conditions and are becoming more mentally agile. The Army is changing. The Army is transforming its capabilities in the war in Iraq to be effective and successful. General Schoomaker states that we will not accomplish our goals as a nation in the 21st century unless our Army becomes much more agile but with the capacity for long term, sustained level of conflict. The Army is in the process of†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another aspect that Leonard Wong touched on was that because our country is in war this is the reason why so much adaptive leadership is being produced. The war in Iraq is very complex and therefore req uires leaders to step out of the box and make decisions on the fly. While in garrison leaders are in a sense hindered due to complex issues such as personnel, logistics, or training exercises. All these things are very necessary and help prepare the U.S. Army for situations they find themselves in over in Iraq. However, just like basketball or any other sport some might say â€Å"practice makes perfect† but it is argued that true experience comes during game time. When situations are not simulated and it requires you to think on the fly and adjust to any imperfections you might find in your team. This is the same case for post war Iraq. We are putting leaders in leadership positions and developing the skills they have been taught and trained on constantly day after day in garrison. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The concept that is stressed in the Army from day to day is â€Å"Attention to detail.† The margin for error is so small that, one second too soon or one second too late, could cost someone their life. All leaders in the Army have this imprinted in their minds and hearts. They are required to carry out various tasks from day to day, some of which they are not sufficiently trained on, but they make due with what theyShow MoreRelatedThe Implementation Of Adaptive Leadership Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pages Act Politically (4), Orchestrate Conflict (5) and Build an Adaptive Culture (6). 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Fundamentals of Anatomy Physiology (9th Edition) Free Essays

Exam 1 Review Guide: (Introduction to Anatomy, Chemistry, Cell) Note: 90 % of the exam will come from this review guide. 10% will come from masteringaandp. com, the text or material covered in the lecture and not posted on the lecture slides. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals of Anatomy Physiology (9th Edition) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction to Anatomy †¢ What is the definition of anatomy? †¢ What is the definition of physiology? †¢ What is homeostasis? †¢ What are the two ways in which homeostasis is maintained? †¢ What are the directional terms used to find things in the body? o For example, what are the medical terms for the following? o Up/down o Right/left o Close/far Closer to the midline/farther from the midline o Same side/opposite side o Face up/face down o Etc. (maybe more) †¢ What are the major cavities of the body? †¢ What are the planes of the body? †¢ What are the body regions? o For example, what are the medical terms for the following? o Arm o Forearm o Wrist o Hand o Fingers o Thumb o Elbow o Front of elbow o Point of elbow o Thigh o Knee o Knee cap o Leg o Calf o Foot o Sole of foot o Head o Neck o Chest o Lungs o Heart o Groin o Pelvis (front) o Low back o Buttocks o Etc. (maybe more) †¢ What are the four abdominal quadrants and what major orga ns are found in each quadrant? What are the levels of organization and what is the order? Chemistry †¢ What are the four major elements of the body? †¢ What are the lesser or trace elements of the body? †¢ What are the three subatomic particles and what charge do they carry? †¢ What is an isotope? †¢ What is the difference between an atom and an element? †¢ What are the three major types of chemical bonds? How do they differ? o Give examples for each. †¢ What three atoms are associated with hydrogen bonding? †¢ What are the two major types of chemical reactions? †¢ Do you make or use energy when you make a bond? Break a bond? What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme? †¢ What is the major atom/element contained in organic compounds? †¢ What is an acid? †¢ What is a base? †¢ What is pH the measure of? †¢ If aspirin is a weakly acidic drug, where is it most likely to be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract? Why? †¢ Is lemon juice an example of an acid or a base? †¢ Is household chlorine an example of an acid or a base? †¢ What are the four major types of organic compounds? †¢ What are examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides? †¢ What are examples of lipids? †¢ What are examples of proteins? What are the building blocks of proteins? †¢ What do proteins contain that carbohydrates and lipids do not? †¢ What are the two major types of nucleic acids? †¢ What are the two major types of purines? †¢ What are the three major types of pyrimidines? †¢ Which purines are bonded to which pyrimidines? How many hydrogen bond hold them together? †¢ What is DNA? †¢ What is RNA? †¢ What are the nucleotides (chains of nucleic acids) composed of? †¢ What are the two major parts of metabolism? †¢ What are the high compounds which store energy? Cells †¢ What is the plasma membrane composed of? What is the function of the plasma membrane? †¢ What are the two different types of plasma membrane proteins? †¢ What are the three functions of membrane proteins? †¢ Where are glycolipids only found? †¢ What are the three major types of membrane junctions? o What are their functions †¢ What is osmosis? †¢ What is diffusion? †¢ What are the two major types? †¢ What is active transport? †¢ What are the major types? †¢ What is endocytosis/exocytosis? †¢ What are the different types of endocytosis? †¢ What is phagocytosis? †¢ What is pinocytosis? †¢ What is clathrin-mediated/receptor-mediated endocytosis? What is the cytoplasm? Cytosol? †¢ What are the major organelles of the cell? †¢ What are their functions? o For example, what is the function of the following organelles? o Mitochondria o Peroxisomes o Lysosomes o Edoplasmic reticulum ? Smooth ? Rough o Golgi apparatus o Cytoskeleton o Centrioles o Riboso mes o Etc. (Maybe more) †¢ What are cilia? †¢ What is the nucleus? What does it contain? †¢ What is chromatin? †¢ What is the cell cycle? †¢ When is DNA replicated? †¢ What does the cell undergo cell division? †¢ What is mitosis? †¢ What are the phases of mitosis? What occurs during each phase? What is meiosis? How does it differ from mitosis? †¢ What are the phases of meiosis? †¢ What is transcription? From what to what? †¢ What is translation? From what to what? Tissues †¢ What makes up tissues? †¢ What are the 4 different types of tissues? †¢ What are the different types of epithelial tissues? †¢ How do you name the epithelial tissues? o Simple o Stratified o Pseudostratified o Transitional o Squamous o Cuboidal o Columnar o Etc. (look for more) †¢ Where are these epithelial tissues located? †¢ What are the major functions of each? †¢ What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine gla nds? Where do you find goblet cells? †¢ What is the function of goblet cells? †¢ What are the different types of exocrine glands? (Structures) †¢ What is the difference between merocrine and holocrine glands? †¢ What are the different types of connective tissues? o Loose o Areolar o Adipose o Reticular o Dense o Regular o Irregular o Cartilage (Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous) o Bone (Osseous) o Blood †¢ What are their (above) functions and where are they found? †¢ What 3 structural elements make up connective tissue? †¢ What are the characteristics of nervous tissue? †¢ What are the 3 different types of muscle tissue? What the differences? What are the similarities? †¢ What are the characteristics for each? †¢ What happens in tissue repair? Skin Tissue †¢ What are the 3 major regions of the skin? †¢ What are the 4 cells of the epidermis? What are their functions? †¢ What are the 4 or 5 layers of the epidermis? †¢ Where do you find stratum lucidum? †¢ What is also called the basal layer? What is also called stratum germinativum? o What do you find in this layer? †¢ What is also called the prickly layer? o What do you find in this layer? †¢ What is also called the granular layer? o What do you find in this layer? What is also called the clear layer? o What do you find in this layer? †¢ What is also called the horny layer? o What do you find in this layer? †¢ Is the epidermis vascular? †¢ What are the 2 major divisions of the dermis? o What do you find in each layer? †¢ What do you find in the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer? †¢ What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color? †¢ What are the 4 different types of sweat glands? Where do you find each? †¢ What are sebaceous glands? †¢ Where do you find hair? o What is its function? o What is its structure? o What is the hair follicle? What are the 2 different types of hair and when or where are they found? o What is alopecia and what are some ways to treat it? †¢ What are nails? o What is its structure? †¢ What are some of the functions of the integumentary system? †¢ What are the 3 major types of skin cancer? o What are the degrees of severity? o What is the most dangerous? o What is the ABCD rule? †¢ What are burns? o What is a first degree burn? Example? o What is a second degree burn? Example? o What is a third degree burn? Example? o What is the rule of NINES? Bone Tissue †¢ What type of tissue is cartilage? o Structure? Function? †¢ What makes up cartilage? o Ground substance? o Fibers? o Cells? †¢ What are the 3 different types of cartilage? o Where do you find each type? †¢ What are the different types of growth for cartilage and which direction do they occur? o Appositional o Interstitial †¢ Is cartilage vascular? †¢ What are the 2 major divisions of the skeleton? †¢ What are the 4 major shape classificat ions for bone? †¢ What are some major functions of bone? †¢ What are the major bone markings and how are they described? o Tuberosity o Crest o Trochanter o Line o Tubercle o Epicondyle o Spine o Process Head o Facet o Condyle o Ramus o Meatus o Sinus o Fossa o Groove o Fissure o Foramen †¢ What is: o Diaphysis? o Epiphysis? o Metaphysis? o Epiphyseal line? o Periosteum? o Medullary cavity? †¢ Is bone vascular? †¢ What type of tissue is bone? o Structure? o Function? †¢ What makes up bone tissue? o Ground substance? o Fibers? o Cells? †¢ What types of bones contain spongy bone? †¢ What is the function of red bone marrow? o In infants? o In adults? †¢ What is the function of yellow bone marrow? †¢ What is the functional (or basic) unit of the bone? †¢ What are Haversian systems (or osteons)? What are: o Lamella o Haversian (central) canals o Volkmann’s canals o Canaliculi o Osteocytes o Osteogenic cells o Osteoblasts o Ost eoclasts †¢ What do you find in lacunae? †¢ What is endochondral ossification and where does it occur? o What are the 5 stages? †¢ What is intramembranous ossification? Example? †¢ What are the functional zones in long bone growth? o What are the 3 zones? †¢ How does growth hormone (GH) affect bone growth before puberty (and epiphyseal growth plate closure)? †¢ How does growth hormone (GH) affect bone growth after puberty (and epiphyseal growth plate closure)? What are the two hormones released at puberty? o What type of closure occurs as a result? o What type of growth does this closure end? †¢ What is the difference between bone deposition and resorption? †¢ What is calcium used for? †¢ What is the function of calcitonin? o Where does it come from? †¢ What is the function of parathyroid hormone? o Where does it come from †¢ What is Wolff’s law? †¢ Fractures? o Comminuted o Compression o Spiral o Epiphyseal o Depres sed o Greenstick †¢ What are the stages of bone healing? †¢ What is: o Osteomalacia o Rickets o Osteoporosis o Paget’s disease How to cite Fundamentals of Anatomy Physiology (9th Edition), Essay examples

Othello (232 words) Essay Example For Students

Othello (232 words) Essay The director of Othello at the Alley was very curious to know how other productions had 0 ,t* ,, , , ^n rr, r -, handled the trance scene (i.e. the moment in 4. 1 when Othello falls into an epileptic seizure). A ;pl utI u hAS Find as many descriptions as you can of how this moment was staged in other productions ^#tb{t Ofi 5;dpIotqfilmed versions of the play count) and write up summaries of them. Also, compile informationil, 4*uf*r1 g $: on the different types of seizures that epileptics experience in real life: what they look like, whatT :,Uln-( they feel like for the sufferer, what causes ihm, etc. These documents should be aimed aittre ?3W . rr- It I audience of a director and the actor plafng Othello.:irt*rE vLwv ur**{ff*o*..n1?tft*e*?l-he$r-4) The actor playing Michael Cassio in the Alley production was very curious about his statu$ldff irl d; an outsider. He has in common with Othello that he is not a native of Venice. Where is hefrom? What was the popular image of Cassios home city in Shakespeares day, and what wasthe basis for this image? How do other characters (especially Iago) refer to Cassio in the play,and how are these references connected to his home city? Answer these questions in a report forthe director and the actor playing Cassio.